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On 16 April 2024, Deputy Prime Minister and Federal Finance Minister, Chrystia Freeland, tabled the federal budget 2024–25. The budget contains tax measures affecting individuals and corporations, including an increase in the capital gains inclusion rate, but no change to the general corporate tax rate or the general personal income tax rates. Several of these measures were pre-announced in the days leading up to budget day.
The Deputy Prime Minister and Federal Finance Minister anticipates deficits of $40.0 billion for fiscal 2023–24 and $39.8 billion for fiscal 2024–25, with reduced deficits for each of the next four years.
The following is a summary of the key tax measures announced in Budget 2024.
No changes are proposed to the corporate income tax rates or to the $500,000 small-business limit of a Canadian-controlled private corporation (CCPC).
The 2024 Canadian federal corporate income tax rates are summarized in Table A.
Table A – 2024 federal corporate income tax rates1
2024 |
|
---|---|
General corporate rate 2,3 |
15.0% |
Small-business rate 2 |
9.0% |
1 Rates represent calendar-year-end rates.
2 The federal corporate income tax rates for manufacturers of qualifying zero-emission technology are reduced to 7.5% for eligible income otherwise subject to the 15% federal general corporate income tax rate or 4.5% for eligible income otherwise subject to the 9% federal small-business corporate income tax rate.
3 An additional federal tax applies to banks and life insurers at a rate of 1.5% on taxable income (subject to a $100 million exemption to be shared by group members).
Property in CCA classes 44 (patents or the rights to use patented information for a limited or unlimited period), 46 (data network infrastructure equipment and related systems software) and 50 (general-purpose electronic data-processing equipment and systems software) acquired on or after 16 April 2024 and that becomes available for use before 1 January 2027 will be eligible for an immediate expensing of 100% in the first year, which would be available only for the year in which the property becomes available for use. Property that becomes available for use after 2026 and before 2028 will continue to benefit from the existing accelerated investment incentive.
Capital expenditures to refurbish existing facilities may also be qualifying expenditures. Subject to a limited exception, compliance for property inclusion must be satisfied annually. Recapture rules will generally apply over a 10-year period (or a 20-year period in the case of eligible natural gas energy systems) in proportion to the fair market value of the property converted to ineligible use, exported from Canada or disposed of.
Certain labour requirements must be met to receive the 15% rate. If these requirements are not met, the credit is reduced to 5%. The clean electricity ITC could be claimed in addition to the Atlantic ITC, but generally not with any other ITC.
The clean electricity ITC will apply to eligible property that is acquired and available for use on or after 16 April 2024, and before 2035, provided it has not been used for any purpose before its acquisition, and is not part of a project that began construction before 28 March 2023.
Eligible activities for this ITC, as defined under draft legislative proposals, include qualifying mineral activities producing all or substantially all qualifying materials (i.e., lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, rare earth elements and graphite). Budget 2024 proposes to clarify that production of a qualifying material may occur at projects engaged in the production of multiple metals. In addition, the value of qualifying materials would be used as a metric when assessing the extent to which property is used or is expected to be used for qualifying mineral activities, producing qualifying materials.
The budget also proposes that eligible expenditures will include investments in eligible property used in a qualifying mineral activity, in which 50% or more of the financial value of the output comes from qualifying materials at mine or well sites, including tailing ponds and mills. Third-party attestation from an arm’s length qualified engineer or geoscientist is required.
The budget also proposes a safe harbour exception from the recapture rules that may apply within a 10-year period following acquisition, if a property is converted to use in a non-qualifying activity. Details for the safe harbour rule will be provided at a later date.
These changes will apply for property that is acquired and becomes available for use on or after 1 January 2024.
Other tax statutes (such as the Excise Tax Act (GST/HST), Excise Act and Select Luxury Items Tax Act), which have provisions similar to the Income Tax Act, will also similarly be amended. These measures will come into force on Royal Assent of the enacting legislation.
As part of Budget 2024, Finance also provided an update on the most recent developments and upcoming implementation steps regarding the OECD recommendations on Pillar One and Pillar Two.
There are no personal income tax rate or tax bracket changes in this budget. The brackets will continue to be indexed for inflation.
See Table B for the 2024 federal personal income tax rates and brackets.
Table B: Federal personal income tax rates
2024 |
|
---|---|
Up to $55,867 |
15.0% |
$55,868 to $111,733 |
20.5% |
$111,734 to $173,205 |
26.0% |
$173,206 to $246,752 |
29.0% |
Over $246,752 |
33.0% |
The $250,000 threshold will effectively apply to capital gains realized by an individual (either directly or indirectly via a partnership or trust) net of any (i) current-year capital losses, (ii) capital losses of other years applied to reduce current-year capital gains, and (iii) capital gains in respect of which the lifetime capital gains exemption, the proposed employee ownership trust exemption or the proposed Canadian entrepreneurs’ incentive is claimed. The annual $250,000 threshold will not be prorated for 2024 and will apply only in respect of net capital gains realized on or after 25 June 2024.
Transitional rules will be required to separately identify capital gains and losses realized before 25 June 2024 and those realized on or after that date.
The lifetime limit would be phased in by increments of $200,000 per year, beginning on 1 January 2025, before ultimately reaching a value of $2 million by 1 January 2034.
A share of a corporation will be a qualifying share if certain conditions are met (e.g., at the time of sale, it was a share of the capital stock of a small-business corporation owned directly by the claimant, and the claimant was a founding investor at the time the corporation was initially capitalized and held the share for a minimum of five years prior to disposition).
If a disqualifying event (e.g., the loss of EOT status) occurs within 36 months of the transfer, the exemption will not be available, and if the individual has already claimed the exemption, it will be retroactively denied. If the disqualifying event occurs more than 36 months after the transfer, the EOT will be deemed to realize a capital gain equal to the total amount of exempt capital gains.
These amendments will apply to taxation years that begin on or after 1 January 2024.
These changes will apply upon Royal Assent of the implementing legislation.
Budget 2024 confirms that the government will proceed with the following pending legislative and regulatory proposals and other previously announced measures, modified to take into account consultations and deliberations since their release.
16 April 2024 webcast: The evening of the finance minister’s address, members of the EY Tax team will record their analysis and insights on the tax measures in the 2024 budget. View our webcast at EY.com/ca/Budget.
For more information on the above measures or any other topics that may be of concern, contact your EY or EY Law advisor. And for up-to-date information on the federal, provincial and territorial budgets, visit EY.com/ca/Budget.
Budget information: For up-to-date information on the federal, provincial and territorial budgets, visit ey.com/ca/Budget.